Robotics: A Hot Cake of Today's Technology

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All you need to know about one of the greatest advancement in modern technology: Robotics

Robotics is an integrative  bureau of engineering and science that combines mechanical engineering, electronics engineering, computer science, and others. Robotics comprises of design, construction, operation, and use of robots, as well as computer systems for their control, sensory feedback, and information processing. Computers have transmogrify play, transportation, work, health and medicine, entertainments and sports. Yet for all their power, these machines still cannot achieve a simple tasks that a child can do, such as navigating an unknown room or using a pencil. The idea of creating machines that can serve autonomously dates back to classical times, but research into the functionality and potential uses of robots did not grow essentially until the 20th century. Throughout history, it has been intermittently assumed that robots will one day be able to copycat human behavior and manage tasks in a human-like fashion. Today, robotics is a rapidly growing field, as technological advances continue; researching, designing, and building new robots serve various practical purposes, whether domestically, commercially, or militarily. Many robots are developed to do jobs that are hazardous to people such as defusing bombs, finding survivors in unstable ruins, and exploring mines and shipwrecks. Robotics is also used in STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) as a teaching aid. The clarification is finally coming within reach. It will emerge from the intersection of two major pursuits: the reverse engineering of the brain and the burgeoning field of artificial intelligence. Over the next 20 years, these two pursuance will combine to usher in a new epoch of intelligent machines.

Phase History

A writer from Czech named Karel Capek in his play Rossum’s Universal Robot has first introduced the word Robot. The word robot comes from the Slavic word rabota, which means labour/work. The play begins in a factory that makes artificial people called robots, creatures who can be mistaken for humans – very similar to the modern ideas of androids. Karel Čapek himself did not coin the word. In the year 1942, a science fiction writer  Isaac Asimov developed his Three Laws of Robotics, later on 1948, Norbert Wiener formulated the principles of cybernetics, the basis of practical robotics. Commercial and industrial robots are outspread today and used to perform jobs more economically, more accurately and more reliably, than humans. They are also employed in some jobs which are too dirty, dangerous, or dull to be suitable for humans. Robots are widely used in developing, manufacturing, assembly, packing and packaging, mining, transport, earth and space exploration, surgery, weaponry, laboratory research, safety, and the mass production of consumer and industrial goods. 

Applications

As more and more robots are designed for specific tasks this method of classification becomes more relevant. For example, many robots are designed for assembly work, which may not be readily adaptable for other applications. They are termed as "assembly robots". In recent years, neuroscientists have learned some remarkable things about the dendrite. One is that each of its branches acts as a set of pattern detectors. Neuroscientists used to believe that learning occurred solely by modifying the effectiveness of existing synapses so that when an input arrived at a synapse it would either be more likely or less likely to make the cell fire. Up to 40 percent of the synapses on a neuron are replaced with new ones every day. New synapses result in new patterns of connections among neurons, and therefore new memories. we can learn new things without interfering with old memories and why we don’t have to retrain the brain every time we learn something new. Some robots are specifically designed for heavy load manipulation, and are labelled as "heavy duty robots". Robots are increasingly used in manufacturing (since the 1960s). In the auto industry, they can amount for more than half of the "labor". There are even "lights off" factories such as an IBM keyboard manufacturing factory in Texas that is 100% automated. Robots can serve as waiters and cooks,  also at home. Boris is a robot that can load a dishwasher. Rotimatic  is a robotics kitchen appliance that cooks flatbreads automatically. Robots all have some kind of mechanical construction, a frame, form or shape designed to achieve a particular task. For example, a robot designed to travel across heavy dirt or mud, might use caterpillar tracks. Intelligent machines don’t have to model all the complexity of biological neurons, but the capabilities enabled by dendrites and learning by rewiring are essential. These capabilities will need to be in future AI systems. All robots contain some level of computer programming code. A program is how a robot decides when or how to do something. In the caterpillar track example, a robot that needs to move across a muddy road may have the correct mechanical construction and receive the correct amount of power from its battery, but would not go anywhere without a program telling it to move.